METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

75/100 · Elevated

Manufactured by Santarus, Inc.

Metformin Hydrochloride Adverse Events: Lactic Acidosis and Kidney Injury Most Common

110,881 FDA adverse event reports analyzed

Last updated: 2026-05-12

About METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE is a medication tracked in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), manufactured by Santarus, Inc.. Based on analysis of 110,881 FDA adverse event reports, METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE has a safety score of 75 out of 100. This score indicates a relatively favorable safety profile, with fewer or less severe adverse events compared to many other tracked medications. The most commonly reported adverse reactions for METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE include LACTIC ACIDOSIS, DIARRHOEA, NAUSEA, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, FATIGUE. This page provides a comprehensive breakdown of reported side effects, safety signals, patient demographics, and AI-powered safety analysis for METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE.

AI Safety Analysis

Metformin Hydrochloride has a safety concern score of 75 out of 100, placing it in the elevated concern category based on analysis of FDA adverse event data. The FDA has received approximately 110,881 adverse event reports for this medication, which is primarily manufactured by Santarus, Inc..

The most commonly reported adverse events include Lactic Acidosis, Diarrhoea, Nausea. Of classified reports, 73.2% were designated as serious by the FDA, meaning they involved hospitalization, disability, or other significant medical outcomes. Lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury are the most serious adverse events reported.

Diarrhea and nausea are the most common gastrointestinal issues. Drug interactions and overuse are significant concerns.

Patients taking Metformin Hydrochloride should monitor for the commonly reported side effects and contact their healthcare provider if they experience any unusual symptoms. Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, especially in patients with renal impairment. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury. This analysis is based on voluntary FDA adverse event reports and should not replace professional medical advice.

Safety Score: 75/100

Metformin Hydrochloride received a safety concern score of 75/100 (elevated concern). This is based on a 73.2% serious event ratio across 55,183 classified reports. The score accounts for 110,881 total adverse event reports and 100 distinct reaction types. This elevated score indicates a notable proportion of serious adverse events and warrants careful monitoring.

Top Adverse Reactions

LACTIC ACIDOSIS4,272 reports
DIARRHOEA4,143 reports
NAUSEA3,357 reports
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY3,010 reports
FATIGUE2,938 reports
DRUG INEFFECTIVE2,637 reports
VOMITING2,462 reports
DYSPNOEA2,438 reports
HEADACHE2,106 reports
OFF LABEL USE2,088 reports
DIZZINESS1,980 reports
ASTHENIA1,969 reports
PAIN1,948 reports
FALL1,814 reports
BLOOD GLUCOSE INCREASED1,740 reports
MALAISE1,710 reports
ARTHRALGIA1,581 reports
HYPOGLYCAEMIA1,550 reports
WEIGHT DECREASED1,508 reports
COUGH1,442 reports
DECREASED APPETITE1,404 reports
PNEUMONIA1,380 reports
PRURITUS1,374 reports
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS1,358 reports
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS1,353 reports
PAIN IN EXTREMITY1,338 reports
HYPOTENSION1,331 reports
RASH1,211 reports
PRODUCT DOSE OMISSION ISSUE1,199 reports
HYPERTENSION1,183 reports
CONDITION AGGRAVATED1,164 reports
DEATH1,158 reports
ABDOMINAL PAIN1,129 reports
PYREXIA1,099 reports
CONFUSIONAL STATE1,064 reports
ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT1,034 reports
RENAL FAILURE962 reports
DRUG INTERACTION956 reports
WEIGHT INCREASED926 reports
EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY915 reports
NASOPHARYNGITIS911 reports
ABDOMINAL PAIN UPPER909 reports
DIABETES MELLITUS909 reports
CONSTIPATION899 reports
INSOMNIA898 reports
ANXIETY879 reports
BACK PAIN865 reports
COVID 19865 reports
DEPRESSION864 reports
PERIPHERAL SWELLING853 reports
URINARY TRACT INFECTION842 reports
ANAEMIA835 reports
DEHYDRATION833 reports
MUSCLE SPASMS826 reports
PRODUCT USE IN UNAPPROVED INDICATION826 reports
OVERDOSE805 reports
BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASED801 reports
DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY797 reports
CHEST PAIN771 reports
ASTHMA746 reports
HYPERKALAEMIA744 reports
COMPLETED SUICIDE728 reports
SOMNOLENCE720 reports
MUSCULAR WEAKNESS715 reports
GAIT DISTURBANCE713 reports
PARAESTHESIA697 reports
MYALGIA654 reports
INAPPROPRIATE SCHEDULE OF PRODUCT ADMINISTRATION640 reports
FEELING ABNORMAL623 reports
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT619 reports
HYPOAESTHESIA618 reports
HYPERGLYCAEMIA617 reports
INTENTIONAL OVERDOSE617 reports
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER585 reports
HYPERSENSITIVITY584 reports
JOINT SWELLING583 reports
MEMORY IMPAIRMENT582 reports
DRUG INTOLERANCE580 reports
INJECTION SITE PAIN578 reports
ABDOMINAL DISTENSION577 reports
ILLNESS575 reports
ALOPECIA574 reports
GASTROOESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE572 reports
URTICARIA570 reports
RENAL IMPAIRMENT563 reports
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS561 reports
HYPERHIDROSIS557 reports
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION553 reports
SINUSITIS553 reports
MATERNAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY551 reports
INFLUENZA548 reports
DYSPEPSIA543 reports
ERYTHEMA541 reports
GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION538 reports
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS537 reports
WHEEZING533 reports
SYNCOPE532 reports
DIABETES MELLITUS INADEQUATE CONTROL515 reports
PRODUCT USE ISSUE514 reports
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS512 reports

Key Safety Signals

  • Lactic acidosis is reported in 3.8% of total reports.
  • Acute kidney injury is reported in 2.7% of total reports.
  • Drug interactions are reported in 0.86% of total reports.

Patient Demographics

Adverse event reports by sex: Female: 27,734, Male: 22,455, Unknown: 117. The most frequently reported age groups are age 65 (1,247 reports), age 70 (1,175 reports), age 73 (1,094 reports). These demographics reflect reporting patterns and may not represent the full patient population.

Report Outcomes

Out of 55,183 classified reports for METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE:

  • Serious: 40,400 reports (73.2%) — includes hospitalization, disability, life-threatening events, or death
  • Non-Serious: 14,783 reports (26.8%)
Serious 73.2%Non-Serious 26.8%

The FDA classifies an adverse event as “serious” if it results in death, hospitalization, disability, congenital anomaly, or requires intervention to prevent permanent damage.

Demographics Breakdown

Reports by Sex

Female27,734 (55.1%)
Male22,455 (44.6%)
Unknown117 (0.2%)

Reports by Age

Age 651,247 reports
Age 701,175 reports
Age 731,094 reports
Age 721,085 reports
Age 661,078 reports
Age 691,078 reports
Age 681,046 reports
Age 611,028 reports
Age 621,019 reports
Age 711,002 reports
Age 63996 reports
Age 64978 reports
Age 74973 reports
Age 67948 reports
Age 60928 reports
Age 75901 reports
Age 76858 reports
Age 58855 reports
Age 78853 reports
Age 59850 reports

Demographics reflect voluntary FDA adverse event reporting patterns and may not represent the full patient population.

Drug Interactions & Warnings

Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, especially in patients with renal impairment. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury.

What You Should Know

If you are taking Metformin Hydrochloride, here are important things to know. The most commonly reported side effects include lactic acidosis, diarrhoea, nausea, acute kidney injury, fatigue. While many of these may be mild and temporary, you should contact your healthcare provider if any symptoms are severe or persistent. Monitor kidney function regularly, especially in elderly patients and those with pre-existing kidney conditions. Avoid metformin in patients with severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury. Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly. If you experience a serious adverse reaction, seek emergency medical attention immediately or call 911. You can report side effects to the FDA's MedWatch program at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Regulatory Context

The FDA continues to monitor metformin for safety, particularly for lactic acidosis and kidney injury. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended for patients on long-term metformin therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many adverse event reports has the FDA received for Metformin Hydrochloride?

The FDA has received approximately 110,881 adverse event reports associated with Metformin Hydrochloride. These reports come from healthcare professionals, consumers, and manufacturers through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Note that the number of reports does not directly indicate the frequency of side effects, as adverse events are voluntarily reported and may be underrepresented.

What are the most commonly reported side effects of Metformin Hydrochloride?

The most frequently reported adverse events for Metformin Hydrochloride include Lactic Acidosis, Diarrhoea, Nausea, Acute Kidney Injury, Fatigue. By volume, the top reported reactions are: Lactic Acidosis (4,272 reports), Diarrhoea (4,143 reports), Nausea (3,357 reports). These figures reflect FDA adverse event reports and may not represent the true incidence rate of these side effects in all patients taking Metformin Hydrochloride.

What percentage of Metformin Hydrochloride adverse event reports are serious?

Out of 55,183 classified reports, 40,400 (73.2%) were classified as serious and 14,783 as non-serious. The FDA classifies an event as "serious" if it results in death, hospitalization, disability, or other medically significant outcomes. A higher serious-event ratio warrants closer attention but does not necessarily mean the drug is unsafe.

Who reports adverse events for Metformin Hydrochloride (by sex)?

Adverse event reports for Metformin Hydrochloride break down by patient sex as follows: Female: 27,734, Male: 22,455, Unknown: 117. This distribution reflects reporting patterns rather than actual risk differences between groups. Reporting rates can be influenced by prescribing patterns, disease demographics, and reporting behavior.

What age groups report the most side effects for Metformin Hydrochloride?

The most frequently reported age groups for Metformin Hydrochloride adverse events are: age 65: 1,247 reports, age 70: 1,175 reports, age 73: 1,094 reports, age 72: 1,085 reports, age 66: 1,078 reports. Age-related reporting patterns can reflect both the demographics of the patient population and potential age-related susceptibility to certain side effects.

Who manufactures Metformin Hydrochloride?

The primary manufacturer associated with Metformin Hydrochloride adverse event reports is Santarus, Inc.. Multiple manufacturers may produce generic versions of this drug. The manufacturer listed reflects the most frequently reported brand in FDA adverse event data.

What other side effects have been reported for Metformin Hydrochloride?

Beyond the most common reactions, other reported adverse events for Metformin Hydrochloride include: Drug Ineffective, Vomiting, Dyspnoea, Headache, Off Label Use. Less common side effects can still be clinically significant. Patients should report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.

How do I report a side effect from Metformin Hydrochloride?

You can report adverse events from Metformin Hydrochloride to the FDA through their MedWatch program at www.fda.gov/medwatch, by calling 1-800-FDA-1088, or by completing Form FDA 3500. Healthcare professionals, consumers, and manufacturers can all submit reports. Reporting helps the FDA monitor drug safety after approval.

What is Metformin Hydrochloride's safety score and what does it mean?

Metformin Hydrochloride has a safety concern score of 75 out of 100 (elevated concern). This score is calculated from the ratio of serious to non-serious adverse events, the diversity of reported reactions, and the overall volume of reports relative to usage. Lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury are the most serious adverse events reported.

What are the key safety signals for Metformin Hydrochloride?

Key safety signals identified in Metformin Hydrochloride's adverse event data include: Lactic acidosis is reported in 3.8% of total reports.. Acute kidney injury is reported in 2.7% of total reports.. Drug interactions are reported in 0.86% of total reports.. These signals are derived from patterns in FDA reports and should be discussed with a healthcare provider for personalized assessment.

Does Metformin Hydrochloride interact with other drugs?

Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, especially in patients with renal impairment. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and over-the-counter drugs you are taking before starting Metformin Hydrochloride.

What should patients know before taking Metformin Hydrochloride?

Monitor kidney function regularly, especially in elderly patients and those with pre-existing kidney conditions. Avoid metformin in patients with severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury. Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.

Are Metformin Hydrochloride side effects well-documented?

Metformin Hydrochloride has 110,881 adverse event reports on file with the FDA. Diarrhea and nausea are the most common gastrointestinal issues. The volume of reports for Metformin Hydrochloride reflects both the drug's usage level and the vigilance of the reporting community.

What is the FDA's position on Metformin Hydrochloride?

The FDA continues to monitor metformin for safety, particularly for lactic acidosis and kidney injury. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended for patients on long-term metformin therapy. For the most current regulatory information, check the FDA's drug labeling database or consult your pharmacist.

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Important Disclaimer: This content is generated by AI analysis of FDA adverse event reports and is provided for informational purposes only. It is not medical advice. Adverse event reports submitted to the FDA do not prove that a medication caused the reported side effect. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. If you experience a serious side effect, contact your doctor or call 911 immediately.